Structure And Functions Of Vertebrae
Vertebrae are not located directly one above the other, but form a series of characteristic curves. In the cervical part, the spine, as a rule, bends forward (cervical lordosis), in breast, on the contrary – is bent back (thoracic kyphosis), lumbar has a bend forward (lumbar lordosis). These curves are for spine springy cushioning device, buff, and thus protecting the brain from damage during walking, running and jumping.
The vertebrae are connected by two upper and two lower articular processes, that is to say intervertebral discs and very strong cords, located on the sides of the vertebral bodies, on their front and back sides.
The mobility of vertebral is provided by joints and ligaments, located between them. The latter are to some extent playing the role of the limiter, which prevents too much mobility. Strong back muscles, neck, shoulder, chest and abdomen and thighs to a greater extent, the mobility of the vertebrae and the entire spinal column. All these muscles interact harmoniously with each other, providing a fine regulation of movements in the spine. If the power or voltage under load of any muscle changes, it can cause a change in motor function of the spine, giving rise to pain in the back or fatigue.
Structure and function of the vertebrae
Each vertebra consists of a circular or reniform body and the arc, trailing vertebrate hole. From this point the articular process, serving for a junction with the above- and the underlying vertebrae.
Depending on what part of the spinal vertebrae belongs to, shape of their bodies and processes have some differences. In general we can say that the lumbar vertebrae are more massive than the neck, with a smaller body size and less developed processes. This is due to the fact that a larger load is at the lumbar vertebrae, than on the neck, which bear only the gravity of the head.
Between the vertebrae intervertebral discs are, which are composed of fibrous rings and gelatinous nucleus. Elastic texture disc allows it to change form. Ability to drive to assume and distribute the pressure between the vertebrae allows it to play the role of shock absorber and allows the spine to bend.
Thoracic vertebrae have a special function, forming chest together with the ribs and sternum. The ribs are attached to the front side of the transverse processes, are not a continuation, but are separate bones which are connected with two small spines joints. Joints allow some mobility between the ribs and the ribs and vertebrae are relatives to each other, providing inhalation and exhalation. Formed from the bones, the chest has a lower mobility compared with the neck and torso. The degree of freedom between the thoracic vertebrae is also less than that between the cervical and lumbar.
From the spinal cord in the holes between the two neighboring vertebrae the roots of spinal nerves are. Fibers in the spine nerves transmit signals to the spinal cord of nerves located in the skin and fibrous layers of connective tissue. Other nerve fibers transmit signals from the spinal cord to the muscles in turn, so that they can fall on command from the brain and spinal cord. Nerve roots of the cervical spinal cord segments are largely going to hand, lumbar and the feet, whereas the nerve roots of thoracic segments go to the torso.
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