Type Of Diabetes Mellitus
World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes three forms of diabetes mellitus, ie type 1, type 2, diabetes and gestasional (occurs during pregnancy).
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 1 – first called insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM, insulin-dependent insulin “), or diabetic children, characterized by loss of beta cells produce insulin in the islands Langerhans pancreas so that the lack of insulin occurs in the body. This type of diabetes can be suffered by children and adults.
To date, the type 1 diabetes can not be prevented. Diet and exercise can not cure or prevent type 1 diabetes. Most people with type 1 diabetes have a health body weight and a good start when it dideritanya. In addition, the sensitivity and response to the insulin the body is generally normal in this type of diabetes, especially in the early stages.
The cause of most of the loss of beta cells in type 1 diabetes is an error that the reaction autoimunitas pancreas beta cells. Autoimunitas reaction can be triggered by an infection in the body.
Currently, type 1 diabetes can only be treated with insulin use, with the precise control of blood glucose levels through a blood test monitoring tools. Primary treatment type 1 diabetes, even though the earliest stages, is replacement of insulin.
Without insulin, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis can cause coma and even death can result. Emphasis is also given on lifestyle adjustments (diet and sports). Apart from the injection in general, also made possible through the provision of insulin pump, which allows for input of insulin 24 hours a day at the dose level has been determined, also made possible the dose (a bolus) of insulin that is required at the time of eating. And possible also for the provision of inputs through the insulin “inhaled powder.”
Treatment type 1 diabetes must take hold. Treatment will not affect the normal activities if sufficient awareness, appropriate care, and discipline in the examination and treatment is started. Glucose level of the average for type 1 diabetes patients should be as close as possible to the normal number (80-120 mg / dl, 4-6 mmol / l).
Some doctors suggest up to 140-150 mg / dl (7-7.5 mmol / l) for those with problems with the lowest. such as frequent hypoglycemic events. ” Figures above 200 mg / dl (10 mmol / l) is often followed by a feeling of comfort and do not dispose of water that is too small so that often cause dehydration. Figures above 300 mg / dl (15 mmol / l) usually require treatment as soon as possible and can lead to ketoasidosis. Blood glucose level is low, which is called hypoglycemia, can cause convulsions or loss of consciousness often.
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2 – first called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, “diabetes is not dependent on insulin”) – occurs because the combination of “a disability in the production of insulin” and “resistance to insulin” or “reduced sensitivity to insulin” (defect the insulin response to the network), which involves insulin receptor in membrane cells. At the initial stage abnormalities the most major is the reduced sensitivity to insulin, which is marked by increased insulin content in the blood.
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